颠覆认知：为什么不吸烟也会得肺结节？

social topics, making them easy to understand and perfect for your English listening practice.

社会话题，使它们易于理解，非常适合您的英语听力练习。

I am your host, Daniel.

我是你们的主持人，丹尼尔。

Today, we are discussing a topic that concerns millions of families, and it might completely change

今天，我们将讨论一个关系到数百万家庭的话题，它可能会彻底改变

the way you think about lung health.

你对肺部健康的看法。

For a long time, we have linked lung problems, especially serious ones, directly to smoking.

长期以来，我们一直将肺部问题，尤其是严重的肺部问题，直接与吸烟联系在一起。

We always hear the advice, if you want healthy lungs, do not smoke.

我们总能听到这样的建议：如果你想要健康的肺，就不要吸烟。

But a groundbreaking new study has turned this common knowledge upside down.

但一项突破性的新研究彻底颠覆了这一常识。

A research team led by the famous medical expert Dr.

由著名医学专家……博士领导的研究团队

Zhang Nanshan recently conducted a massive study.

钟南山最近开展了一项大规模研究。

They tracked over 10 ,000 patients with pulmonary nodules across 16 provinces.

他们在16个省份追踪了1万多名肺结节患者。

Surprisingly, they found that over 71 % of these patients have never smoked in their lives.

令人惊讶的是，他们发现这些患者中超过71%的人一生中从未吸过烟。

Even more shocking, over 73 % of the actual lung cancer cases identified among them occurred in non -smokers.

更令人震惊的是，在他们之中确诊的实际肺癌病例中，超过73%发生在非吸烟者身上。

To help us understand these surprising numbers, we are joined today by Dr.

为了帮助我们理解这些令人惊讶的数字，我们今天邀请到了……医生

Sarah, a leading pulmonologist and clinical professor with over 20 years of experience in lung health.

莎拉，她是一位顶尖的呼吸科医生和临床教授，在肺部健康领域拥有超过20年的经验。

Welcome to TalkCast, Sarah.

欢迎来到 TalkCast，莎拉。

Thank you, Daniel.

谢谢你，丹尼尔。

It is a pleasure to be here with you and your listeners today.

今天能和您以及您的听众在一起，我感到非常荣幸。

This study is indeed a major wake -up call for everyone, and I am glad we are shining a light on this

这项研究对每个人来说确实是一个重大的警钟，我很高兴我们能关注这个

very important health topic.

非常重要的健康话题。

To start with, Sarah, let us break down the basics for our listeners.

首先，莎拉，让我们为听众剖析一下基本概念。

Many people get terrified when they see the words pulmonary nodule on their medical report.

许多人在体检报告上看到“肺结节”这几个字时，会感到极度恐惧。

Could you explain in simple terms what a pulmonary nodule actually is?

您能用通俗的话解释一下什么是肺结节吗？

Of course.

当然可以。

First of all, please do not panic.

首先，请不要恐慌。

I tell my patients to think of a pulmonary nodule as a tiny spot, a freckle, or a small scar inside

我告诉我的患者，要把肺结节想象成肺内部的一个小斑点、雀斑或小疤痕

the lung tissue.

肺组织内。

In medical terms, it is a small, roundish growth in the lung that is usually less than 3 centimeters

在医学术语中，它是肺部的一种小型圆形赘生物，直径通常小于3厘米

in diameter.

的直径。

Anything larger than that is called a mass, which is a different category.

任何大于这个尺寸的都被称为肿块，这属于不同的类别。

Now, the most important thing to know is that the vast majority of these nodules, more than 90 % of

现在，最需要了解的是，绝大多数的结节（超过90%）

them, are completely benign.

都是完全良性的。

Benign means they are non -cancerous.

良性意味着它们是非癌症的。

They could simply be the result of a past infection, like a common cold, flu, or tuberculosis, which

它们可能只是过去感染的结果，比如普通感冒、流感或肺结核，这些感染

left a tiny scar behind.

留下了一个微小的疤痕。

It is just like a scar you get on your skin after a cut heals.

这就像伤口愈合后皮肤上留下的疤痕一样。

That is a very reassuring analogy, Sarah.

这真是一个非常令人宽慰的类比，莎拉。

So a nodule is often just a battle scar from our immune system fighting off an old infection.

所以，结节通常只是我们免疫系统击退过往感染留下的战斗疤痕。

But then why are we seeing such a massive rise in the detection of these nodules?

但那么，为什么我们能看到这类结节的检测率出现如此巨大的增长呢？

Is there an epidemic of lung nodules, or has something else changed?

是肺结节出现了流行爆发，还是其他什么发生了变化？

That is an excellent question, Daniel.

这是一个极好的问题，丹尼尔。

The main reason we are finding so many nodules today is actually the incredible progress in medical

今天我们发现这么多结节的主要原因，实际上是医学领域惊人的进展

imaging technology.

成像技术。

In the past, when people got a routine chest x -ray, the image was not very detailed.

在过去，当人们进行常规胸部X光检查时，图像并不是很详细。

An x -ray can only detect nodules that are relatively large, usually bigger than one centimeter.

X光只能检测到相对较大的结节，通常大于一厘米。

But today, we widely use low -dose CT scans, often abbreviated as LDCT.

但今天，我们广泛使用低剂量CT扫描，通常缩写为LDCT。

A CT scan takes highly detailed three -dimensional cross -sectional pictures of your lungs.

CT扫描能获取您肺部高度详细的三维横截面图像。

It can find tiny nodules as small as one or two millimeters.

它可以发现小至一两毫米的微小结节。

So it is not necessarily that more people are developing these nodules today than in the past.

因此，并不一定是因为现在有更多的人长了这些结节。

It's just that our modern medical eyes have become extremely shark.

只是我们现代医学的眼睛已经变得极其敏锐。

We are seeing things we simply could not see 20 years ago.

我们正在看到20年前我们简直无法看到的东西。

Ah, so our magnifying glasses have become much stronger.

啊，所以我们的放大镜变得强大得多了。

That explains why so many healthy people are suddenly discovering they have nodules.

这解释了为什么这么多健康的人突然发现他们有结节。

But let's get back to that shocking statistic from Dr.

但让我们回到来自医生的那个令人震惊的统计数据。

Zhang Nanshan's team.

张南山团队。

Over 71 % of these nodule patients have never smoked.

超过71%的这些结节患者从未吸过烟。

If smoking is not the primary cause for these patients, what is causing these nodules in non -smokers?

如果吸烟不是这些患者的主要原因，那么是什么导致了非吸烟者体内的这些结节呢？

This is where we must look at our environment and lifestyle.

这就是我们必须关注我们的环境和生活方式的地方。

While active smoking is still a major hazard, non -smokers are exposed to other significant risk factors.

虽然主动吸烟仍是一个主要的危害，但非吸烟者也暴露在其他重大的风险因素中。

The first one is second -hand smoke and even third -hand smoke.

第一个是二手烟，甚至是三手烟。

Second -hand smoke is breathing in the smoke from other people's cigarettes.

二手烟是吸入其他人香烟中冒出的烟雾。

Third -hand smoke refers to the toxic chemical residue that sticks to walls, furniture, and clothing

三手烟是指在香烟熄灭后很久仍附着在墙壁、家具和衣物上的有毒化学残留物

long after the cigarette has been put out.

在香烟被熄灭很久之后。

Both can cause silent damage to our lung cells over time.

随着时间的推移，两者都会对我们的肺部细胞造成无声的伤害。

Third -hand smoke is something many people overlook.

三手烟是许多人忽视的东西。

It's crazy to think that toxic residue on a sofa can still affect our lungs.

想到沙发上的有毒残留物仍然会影响我们的肺部，真是太疯狂了。

What about other indoor environments, like the kitchen?

那其他室内环境呢，比如厨房？

You hit the nail on the head, Daniel.

你切中了要害，丹尼尔。

Cooking fumes are a major, often ignored hazard, especially in traditional Asian cooking, which

烹饪油烟是一个主要的、经常被忽略的危害，尤其是在传统的亚洲烹饪中，这

involves a lot of stir -frying, deep -frying, and heating oil to very high temperatures.

涉及到大量的爆炒、深油炸以及将油加热到极高的温度。

When cooking oil reaches its smoking point, it releases a mixture of fine particles and chemical compounds.

当食用油达到烟点时，它会释放出细微颗粒和化学化合物的混合物。

If the kitchen is not well ventilated, breathing in these fumes daily can cause chronic inflammation

如果厨房没有良好的通风，每天吸入这些油烟会导致慢性炎症

in the lungs, which can lead to nodules.

在肺部，这可能会导致结节。

In fact, studies show that non -smoking women who cook frequently without proper ventilation have a

事实上，研究表明，在没有适当通风的情况下频繁做饭的非吸烟女性，其

significantly higher risk of lung issues.

患肺部问题的风险显著增加。

That is a crucial point for all of us who love cooking.

对于我们所有热爱烹饪的人来说，这是一个至关重要的细节。

So a high -quality range hood and keeping the windows open while cooking are not just about keeping

所以，一个高品质的抽油烟机以及在做饭时保持窗户打开，不仅仅是为了保持

the house smelling clean, they are vital for lung health.

房子闻起来干净，它们对肺部健康是至关重要的。

Are there other environmental factors we should be aware of?

还有其他我们需要注意的环境因素吗？

Yes, we must also consider outdoor air pollution, specifically PM2 .5, which are tiny, inhalable

是的，我们还必须考虑室外空气污染，特别是PM2.5，这是一种微小的、可吸入的

particles that can penetrate deep into our lungs.

可以穿透到我们肺部深处的颗粒物。

Additionally, there's an invisible natural gas called radon.

此外，还有一种看不见的天然气体叫做氡气。

Radon is a radioactive gas that comes from the natural breakdown of uranium in soil, rock, and water.

氡是一种放射性气体，源于土壤、岩石和水中铀的自然分解。

It can seep into homes through cracks in the foundation.

它可以通过地基的裂缝渗入家中。

In many countries, radon is actually the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking, and the

在许多国家，氡其实是仅次于吸烟的第二大肺癌主要诱因，也是

number one cause among non -smokers.

非吸烟者中的第一大起因。

Finally, we cannot ignore genetics.

最后，我们不能忽视遗传学因素。

Some people simply have genes that make their lung tissues more sensitive to environmental

有些人天生就拥有让其肺部组织对环境更敏感的基因

irritants, or less efficient at repairing cellular damage.

刺激物，或者在修复细胞损伤方面效率较低。

It is fascinating how many factors are at play here.

这么多因素在这里起作用，真是太奇妙了。

It really shows that lung health is a comprehensive reflection of our environment.

这确实表明肺部健康是我们环境的综合反映。

Now, when people receive their CT scan reports, they often see terms like ground glass nodule or

现在，当人们拿到他们的CT扫描报告时，他们经常会看到像磨玻璃结节或

solid nodule.

实性结节。

These terms sound very scary and mysterious.

这些术语听起来非常可怕和神秘。

Could you translate these medical terms into everyday English for us?

您能为我们把这些医学术语翻译成日常英语吗？

I would love to.

我很乐意。

Think of your lung on a CT scan as a clear, dark background.

把你在CT扫描上的肺想象成一个清晰、黑暗的背景。

A solid nodule looks like a solid white dot.

实性结节看起来像一个实心的白色圆点。

It is completely dense, meaning the x -rays cannot pass through it at all.

它是完全致密的，这意味着X射线根本无法穿透它。

These are often benign scars from old infections.

这些通常是陈旧性感染留下的良性疤痕。

On the other hand, we have ground glass nodules, which we often call GGNs.

另一方面，我们有磨玻璃结节，我们通常称之为 GGNs。

Think of a ground glass window, the kind of frosted glass you might have in a bathroom.

想象一下磨砂玻璃窗，就是你浴室里可能有的那种磨砂玻璃。

You can see light passing through it, but you cannot see clearly what is on the other side.

你可以看到光线穿过它，但你看不到另一侧到底是什么。

On a CT scan, a ground glass nodule looks like a faint, blurry, semi -transparent gray cloud.

在 CT 扫描中，磨玻璃结节看起来就像一片微弱、模糊、半透明的灰色云雾。

It does not completely block out the lung tissue behind it.

它不会完全遮挡其背后的肺组织。

A frosted glass window, that is a perfect mental picture.

一扇磨砂玻璃窗，那真是一个完美的脑海画面。

But why are ground glass nodules so heavily discussed?

但是为什么磨玻璃结节会被如此热烈地讨论呢？

Are they more dangerous than solid ones?

它们比实性结节更危险吗？

They are discussed a lot because they can be tricky.

它们被广泛讨论是因为它们可能很棘手。

Some GGNs are just temporary inflammation.

一些 GGN 仅仅是暂时的炎症。

For example, if you have a mild lung infection, it can show up as a GGN and then completely

例如，如果你有轻微的肺部感染，它可能会表现为 GGN，然后完全

disappear after a few weeks.

在几周后消失。

However, persistent GGNs, the ones that do not go away after several months, can sometimes be very

然而，持续存在的 GGN，即在几个月后仍未消失的结节，有时可能会非常

early stage lung cancers, specifically a type called adenocarcinoma.

早期的肺癌，特别是被称为腺癌的一种类型。

But here's the good news.

但这里有一个好消息。

These early stage cancers grow extremely slowly, like a snail.

这些早期癌症生长得极其缓慢，就像蜗牛一样。

It can take years for a GGN to show any noticeable growth.

一个 GGN 可能需要数年时间才会表现出任何明显的增长。

This gives doctors and patients plenty of time to monitor them and act only when absolutely necessary.

这给医生和患者留出了充足的时间来监测它们，并且只有在绝对必要时才采取行动。

That is incredibly comforting to hear.

听到这个真是让人感到无比的欣慰。

So even if a ground glass nodule turns out to be something serious, it moves so slowly that we have

所以，即使磨玻璃结节最后确实是某种严重的疾病，它发展得也如此缓慢，以至于我们有

a large window of opportunity to treat it successfully.

很大的机会窗口来成功治疗它。

Exactly, Daniel.

没错，丹尼尔。

Early detection through low -dose CT scans means we can catch these slow -moving nodules at a stage

通过低剂量 CT 扫描进行早期检测，意味着我们可以在某个阶段捕捉到这些移动缓慢的结节

where they are highly curable, often with simple, minimally invasive surgery.

在这个阶段它们是高度可治愈的，通常只需进行简单的微创手术。

That is why finding a nodule should not be treated as a tragedy.

这就是为什么发现结节不应该被视为一场悲剧。

Instead, look at it as an early warning system that allows you to take control of your health.

相反，把它看作是一个早期预警系统，它允许你掌控自己的健康。

That brings us to the psychological side of things.

这就把我们带到了事情的心理层面。

Many people suffer from what doctors call nodule anxiety.

许多人都承受着医生所说的结节焦虑。

They can't sleep, they constantly worry, and they want to have surgery immediately to cut it out.

他们睡不着觉，不断地担心，并且想立即做手术切除它。

What is your advice for patients who are feeling this intense anxiety?

对于感到这种强烈的焦虑的患者，您有什么建议？

My strongest advice is please trust the follow -up process and do not rush into unnecessary surgery.

我最坚定的建议是，请信任随访过程，不要急于进行不必要的手术。

Surgery always carries risks.

手术总是伴随着风险。

If you rush to remove a tiny, stable nodule that might have stayed harmless for the rest of your

如果你急于切除一个微小的、稳定的结节，而它在你余下的生命中本可能一直保持无害

life, you are putting your body through unnecessary stress and losing valuable lung tissue.

生命，你就是让身体承受不必要的压力，并失去宝贵的肺组织。

For most small nodules, the standard medical approach is active surveillance.

对于大多数小结节，标准的医学方法是主动监测。

This means we simply wait and watch.

这意味着我们仅仅是等待和观察。

We might ask you to come back for another CT scan in six months or a year to see if the nodule has

我们可能会要求您在六个月或一年后回来进行另一次 CT 扫描，看看结节是否已经

changed in size, shape, or density.

在大小、形状或密度上发生了改变。

If it remains completely unchanged, it is highly likely to be benign and harmless.

如果它完全保持不变，它极有可能是良性的且无害。

Patience is key here.

耐心是这里的关键。

Patience and trust in medical expertise.

耐心，以及对医学专业知识的信任。

It sounds like managing the anxiety is just as important as managing the nodule itself.

听起来，管理焦虑与管理结节本身一样重要。

To wrap up our conversation, what are some practical daily habits that our listeners, especially non

在结束我们的谈话时，有哪些实用的日常习惯是我们的听众，尤其是非

-smokers, can adopt to keep their lungs healthy?

吸烟者，可以采用来保持肺部健康的？

First, ensure excellent indoor air quality.

首先，确保极好的室内空气质量。

Use a high -quality range hood with strong suction when cooking and keep your kitchen well ventilated.

做饭时使用吸力强的优质抽油烟机，并保持厨房良好的通风。

Second, avoid second -hand and third -hand smoke as much as possible.

其次，尽可能避免二手烟和三手烟。

If you live in an area with high air pollution, check the air quality index before going out and

如果你生活在空气污染严重的地区，在出门前先查看空气质量指数，并且

wear a high -filtering mask like an N95 on highly polluted days.

在高度污染的日子里，佩戴像 N95 这样高过滤效果的口罩。

Also, consider getting your home tested for radon gas, especially if you live in a basement or a

此外，考虑检测你家中的氡气，特别是如果你住在地下室或

ground floor apartment.

一楼的公寓。

Finally, maintain a healthy lifestyle.

最后，保持健康的生活方式。

Regular cardiovascular exercise keeps your lungs strong, and a diet rich in antioxidants, like fresh

规律的心血管运动可以保持肺部强壮，而富含抗氧化剂的饮食，比如新鲜的

fruits and vegetables, helps your body fight off cellular inflammation.

水果和蔬菜，能帮助你的身体抵抗细胞炎症。

Thank you so much, Dr. Sarah.

非常感谢你，莎拉医生。

Those are wonderful, practical tips that all of us can start using today to protect our lungs.

这些都是非常棒且实用的建议，我们今天就可以开始采用来保护我们的肺部。

Your insights have been incredibly educational and reassuring for our listeners.

您的见解对我们的听众来说非常有教育意义，且令人安心。

My pleasure, Daniel.

我的荣幸，丹尼尔。

Thank you for having me.

谢谢你们邀请我。

And to everyone listening, take a deep breath of fresh air and take good care of your lungs.

对每一位正在收听的听众，深呼吸一口新鲜空气，好好照顾你们的肺。

And that brings us to the end of today's episode of TalkCast.

以上就是今天这一期 TalkCast 的全部内容。

Let us quickly summarize what we learned today.

让我们快速总结一下今天学到的内容。

First, a pulmonary nodule is a tiny spot or scar in the lung, and the vast majority of them are

首先，肺结节是肺部的一个微小斑点或疤痕，其中绝大多数都是

completely benign.

完全是良性的。

Second, the rising detection rate is mostly due to our highly sensitive low -dose CT scans.

其次，检测率的上升主要是由于我们高敏感度的低剂量 CT 扫描。

Third, non -smokers are also at risk due to factors like cooking fumes, secondhand smoke, radon, air

第三，非吸烟者也由于诸如烹饪油烟、二手烟、氡气、空气等因素而面临风险

pollution, and genetics.

污染和遗传。

And finally, if a nodule is found, the best approach is to follow your doctor's advice and monitor

最后，如果发现了结节，最好的方法是遵从医生的建议并进行监测

it patiently rather than rushing into surgery.

耐心观察，而不是急于进行手术。

Before we say goodbye, here's our weekly question for you.

在说再见之前，这是我们给你们准备的每周问题。

Apart from active smoking, which of the environmental factors we discussed today surprised you the

除了主动吸烟，我们今天讨论的哪些环境因素最让你感到

most, and how do you plan to protect yourself from it in your daily life?

惊讶？在日常生活中，你计划如何保护自己免受其害？

Please write down your answers in the comments section below, or check out what other listeners are

请在下方的评论区写下你的答案，或者看看其他听众在

saying to learn from their ideas.

说什么，从而借鉴他们的想法。

If you enjoyed today's episode, please consider joining our TalkCast membership program, subscribing

如果您喜欢今天的节目，请考虑加入我们的 TalkCast 会员计划、订阅

to our channel, and sharing this episode with your family and friends.

我们的频道，并将这一期节目分享给您的家人和朋友。

Your support and warm feedback keep us going.

您的支持和温暖的反馈是我们前进的动力。

As a reminder, the complete English transcript and audio files for this series are regularly

提示一下，本系列完整的英文文本和音频文件会定期

uploaded to our official website at www .talkcast .top, as well as our official WeChat public account,

上传到我们的官方网站 www.talkcast.top，以及我们的微信公众号，

which is also called TalkCast.

它也叫做 TalkCast。

Please feel free to visit them to assist your English learning journey.

欢迎随时访问它们，以辅助您的英语学习之旅。

Thank you so much for listening.

非常感谢您的收听。

Keep practicing, stay healthy, and we will see you next time on TalkCast.

保持练习，保持健康，我们下期 TalkCast 再见。