Interactive transcript · 196 lines
Good morning, everyone.
大家早上好。
A very warm welcome to TalkCast, your daily dose of fresh news and English learning.
热烈欢迎收听 TalkCast，这是为你每天准备的一剂新鲜新闻与英语学习大餐。
I am Olivia.
我是奥利维亚。
And I am Caleb.
我是凯莱布。
Good morning to all our fantastic listeners.
向我们所有出色的听众问候早安。
It is wonderful to have you starting your day with us on this beautiful morning of September 10th, 2026.
在 2026 年 9 月 10 日这个美好的早晨，能有你与我们一同开启新的一天，真是太棒了。
I hope you have your favorite morning drink ready because we have some mind -blowing stories lined up
希望你已经准备好了自己最喜爱的晨饮，因为我们准备了一些令人惊叹的故事
for you today.
今天献给你。
Before we jump into the headlines, we want to express our deepest gratitude to our incredible
在切入头条新闻之前，我们想向我们不可思议的（支持者）表达最深切的感激之情
TalkCast members.
TalkCast 会员。
Your support keeps this show alive, allowing us to bring you high -quality English content every
您的支持让这个节目保持活力，让我们每天都能为您带来高质量的英语内容
single morning. Absolutely.
每一个早晨。确实如此。
If you enjoy our show and want to support our work, please consider joining our membership program.
如果您喜欢我们的节目并想支持我们的工作，请考虑加入我们的会员计划。
TalkCast is entirely listener -supported, and we truly appreciate every single one of you who helps
TalkCast 完全由听众支持，我们衷心感谢帮助我们的每一位
us keep going.
让我们能够继续前行。
Now, let's take a quick look at the major stories we are covering today.
现在，让我们快速浏览一下我们今天报道的重大新闻。
We will start with a medical miracle where a gene -edited pig's kidney functioned inside a human body
我们将从一个医学奇迹开始，一个基因编辑的猪肾在人体内正常运转
for almost nine months.
长达几乎九个月。
That is incredible.
那真是难以置信。
And after that, we will discuss how a popular weight loss drug is showing massive potential as an
在此之后，我们将讨论一款热门减肥药如何展现出巨大的潜力，作为一种
anti -aging treatment that could extend our lifespan.
可以延长我们寿命的抗衰老疗法 。
We will also look at how an arthritis drug is helping people regrow their hair, debunk the famous 10
我们还将探讨一种关节炎药物如何帮助人们重新长出头发，揭穿著名的10
,000 steps a day walking myth, and find out how laughter might actually be the best medicine for a
千步走日行误区，并了解笑声如何实际上可能是一个
chronic lung condition.
慢性肺部疾病的最佳良药。
This sounds like an absolute blockbuster of an episode.
这听起来绝对是一集精彩重磅的节目。
I cannot wait to get into it, Olivia.
我迫不及待想进入正题了，奥利维亚。
Let's start with our lead story.
让我们从我们的主打新闻开始。
Medical history has been made.
医学历史已经被创造。
A gene -edited pig kidney has successfully functioned inside a human body for an astonishing 271 days.
一个基因编辑的猪肾成功在人体内运转了惊人的 271 天。
This groundbreaking achievement represents a massive leap forward for organ transplants.
这项突破性的成就代表了器官移植领域的巨大飞跃。
Wait, 271 days?
等等，271天？
That is nearly nine months.
那几乎是九个月。
That is absolutely massive.
那绝对是巨大的突破。
But, Olivia, my first question is, how on earth does a human body accept an organ from a pig?
但是，奥利维亚，我的第一个问题是，人体究竟是如何接受来自猪的器官的？
Is there not a huge risk of rejection?
难道没有巨大的排斥风险吗？
Yes, there is a massive risk.
是的，存在着巨大的风险。
Normally, our immune system immediately recognizes animal tissue as foreign and attacks it.
通常情况下，我们的免疫系统会立即将动物组织识别为异物并对其发起攻击。
To solve this, scientists used advanced gene -editing technology to modify the pig's DNA.
为了解决这个问题，科学家们利用先进的基因编辑技术来修改猪的 DNA。
They removed the pig genes that cause rapid rejection and added human genes to help the body accept
他们剔除了导致快速排斥的猪基因，并添加了人类基因以帮助人体接受
the organ.
这个器官。
The scientific term for this process of transplanting organs between different species is xenotransplantation.
这种在不同物种之间移植器官过程的科学术语是异种移植。
Hold on. Xenotransplantation?
等等。异种移植？
That is a very long and complex word.
那是一个非常长且复杂的词。
Can you break that down for our English learners? Absolutely.
你能为我们的英语学习者分解一下吗？当然可以。
The prefix xeno comes from the ancient Greek word for foreign, strange, or different.
前缀 xeno 来自古希腊语中表示外来、陌生或不同的单词。
And transplantation means moving an organ from one place or body to another.
而移植是指将器官从一个部位或身体转移到另一个部位。
So, xenotransplantation is simply the transplantation of living cells, tissues, or organs from one
因此，异种移植简单来说就是将活细胞、组织或器官从一个
species to another, like from a pig to a human.
物种移植到另一个物种，比如从猪移植到人。
Ah, xeno means foreign.
啊，xeno 意思是外来的。
That makes perfect sense.
那完全说得通。
So, what is a good way to picture this in our minds?
那么，在我们的脑海中想象这一场景的好方法是什么呢？
Imagine you own a high -tech electric car, but one of its major electronic parts breaks down, and
想象一下，你拥有一辆高科技电动汽车，但它的一个主要电子零部件坏了，而且
there are no replacement parts available from your brand.
你的汽车品牌又无法提供任何替代零件。
Xenotransplantation is like taking a part from a completely different brand of car, reprogramming
异种移植就像是从完全不同品牌的汽车上取下一个零件，重新编程
its software so your car's computer does not block it, and installing it so your car can keep
它的软件，使你汽车的车载电脑不会拦截它，然后安装好，这样你的车就能继续
running smoothly.
平稳地运行。
Wow, that is a perfect metaphor.
哇，这真是个完美的比喻。
The gene editing is like reprogramming the software of the foreign parts so the main computer
基因编辑就像是重新编写外来零件的软件，以便主控电脑
accepts it.
能够接受它。
This could literally save thousands of lives of people waiting for organ donors. Exactly.
这简直可以挽救成千上万等待器官捐献者的人的生命。确实如此。
There is a severe shortage of human organ donors worldwide, and this technology could eventually
全球范围内都存在严重的人体器官短缺问题，而这项技术最终可能
eliminate that waiting list entirely.
彻底消除那个等待名单。
That is truly inspiring.
这真是太鼓舞人心了。
Speaking of revolutionary medicine, what is this about weight loss drugs helping us live longer?
说到革命性的医学，减肥药能帮助我们延长寿命是怎么回事？
Yes, this is another major development.
是的，这是另一项重大进展。
A new study published in the journal Nature has shown that treating female mice in their late stages
发表在《自然》期刊上的一项新研究表明，在雌性小鼠生命的晚期对其进行治疗
of life with a GLP -1 drug, specifically semaglutide, actually slows down the aging process and
使用GLP-1药物——具体而言是司美格鲁肽，实际上减缓了衰老过程并
extends their lifespan. Semaglutide?
延长了它们的寿命。司美格鲁肽？
Is that not the active ingredient in those famous weight loss and diabetes medications like Ozempic? Exactly.
那不就是像Ozempic这样著名的减肥药和糖尿病药物中的活性成分吗？一点没错。
It mimics a natural hormone in our body called GLP -1, which stands for glucagon -like peptide 1.
它模拟了我们体内一种名为GLP-1的天然激素，即胰高血糖素样肽-1。
While it's famous for helping people lose weight by regulating blood sugar and making them feel
虽然它因通过调节血糖帮助人们减肥并使人感到
full, scientists are finding it does much more.
饱腹感而闻名，但科学家们发现它的作用远不止于此。
It appears to significantly reduce chronic inflammation throughout the body.
它似乎能显著减轻全身的慢性炎症。
Ah, chronic inflammation.
啊，慢性炎症。
I hear that term a lot in health news.
我在健康新闻里经常听到这个术语。
What exactly does it mean?
它究竟是什么意思？
Think of acute inflammation as a helpful fire department.
把急性炎症想象成一个有用的消防队。
When you cut your finger, your body sends immune cells to fight infections, causing temporary
当你划伤手指时，你的身体会派出免疫细胞去对抗感染，引起暂时的
redness and swelling.
发红和肿胀。
That is acute inflammation.
这就是急性炎症。
Chronic inflammation, however, is when your body's immune system gets confused and stays constantly
然而，慢性炎症则是指身体的免疫系统发生紊乱，并持续保持
activated at a low level, slowly damaging healthy tissues over years.
低度激活状态，多年来慢慢破坏健康组织。
It is one of the main drivers of aging and age -related diseases.
它是衰老和与年龄相关的疾病的主要驱动因素之一。
So how does semaglutide help with that?
那么司美格鲁肽对此有什么帮助呢？
What is a good analogy?
有什么恰当的类比吗？
Imagine chronic inflammation is like a series of tiny, hidden electrical fires constantly smoldering
想象一下，慢性炎症就像是一系列隐蔽微小的电气火灾，在暗中不断闷烧
behind the walls of a beautiful old house.
在一栋美丽老宅的墙壁后面。
If left unchecked, these fires will slowly weaken the wood and destroy the house.
如果任其发展，这些暗火会慢慢削弱木材，毁掉整个房子。
Semaglutide acts like an automatic smart sprinkler system that constantly detects these tiny sparks
司美格鲁肽就像一套自动智能喷淋系统，不断检测到这些微小的火花
and gently puts them out, preserving the structure of the house and making it last much longer.
并轻轻将其扑灭，从而保护房屋的结构，使其能维持更长时间。
That is an excellent way to understand it.
这真是一个极好的理解方式。
So by putting out those internal biological fires, the drug helps keep our cells and organs younger
因此，通过扑灭那些内部的生物火灾，该药物有助于使我们的细胞和器官保持年轻
for longer.
维持更长时间。
This is fascinating, and it explains why these weight loss drugs are showing benefits for heart
这太引人入胜了，这也解释了为什么这些减肥药对心脏
disease and kidney health too.
疾病和肾脏健康也有好处。
It really is a versatile class of medicine.
这确实是一类多用途的药物。
And our third story today features another drug that is doing double duty.
我们今天的第三个故事包含另一种能身兼双职的药物。
Scientists have discovered that a medication originally designed to treat severe rheumatoid
科学家们发现，一种最初用于治疗严重类风湿性
arthritis can actually restore up to 100 % of hair in patients suffering from severe hair loss, known
关节炎的药物，实际上可以使遭受严重脱发的患者恢复高达100%的头发，即所谓的
as alopecia areata.
斑秃。
Wait, a pill for arthritis can cure baldness?
等等，治疗关节炎的药丸能治愈脱发？
That sounds like a dream come true for millions of people.
这对数百万人来说简直就是梦想成真。
How does that work?
这是如何生效的？
It is all about targeting the root cause.
关键在于针对根本原因。
Alopecia areata is actually an autoimmune disease.
斑秃实际上是一种自身免疫性疾病。
In people with this condition, their own immune system mistakenly targets their hair follicles,
患有这种疾病的人，他们自身的免疫系统会错误地攻击他们的毛囊，
causing their hair to fall out in patches.
导致他们的头发成片脱落。
The arthritis drug, called upidacetinib, is a type of medicine known as a JAK inhibitor, which
这种名为乌帕替尼的关节炎药物是一种被称为JAK抑制剂的药物，它
essentially calms down this overactive immune response.
本质上能平息这种过度活跃的免疫反应。
Oh, an autoimmune disease.
哦，自身免疫性疾病。
Can you explain that concept simply? Sure.
你能简单解释一下那个概念吗？当然。
Imagine you install a highly advanced security system to protect your house.
想象一下，你安装了一个高度先进的安全系统来保护你的房子。
But one day, the sensors malfunction.
但有一天，传感器发生了故障。
Instead of keeping out intruders, the security system starts mistaking your own family members for
安全系统非但没有把入侵者挡在外面，反而开始把你的家人误认为
burglars and locks them out of their rooms.
窃贼，并把他们锁在房间外面。
In an autoimmune disease, your body's security system, which is your immune system, gets confused
在自身免疫性疾病中，你身体的安全系统（即你的免疫系统）变得混乱
and starts attacking your own healthy cells.
并开始攻击你自己的健康细胞。
In this case, your hair follicles.
在这种情况下，就是你的毛囊。
Ah, so the arthritis drug is like a technician who goes in, resets the security system software, and
啊，所以关节炎药物就像一个技术人员进入内部，重置安全系统软件，并且
tells it to stop attacking the family. Exactly.
告诉它停止攻击家人。正是如此。
Once the immune system stops attacking, the hair follicles can heal, and the hair can grow back naturally.
一旦免疫系统停止攻击，毛囊就能愈合，头发就能自然重新长出来。
In clinical trials, some patients who had lost all of their hair saw complete regrowth.
在 临床试验中，一些失去了所有头发的患者实现了完全再生。
It is a massive breakthrough for both physical and psychological well -being.
这对于生理和心理健康来说都是一个巨大的突破。
That is absolutely wonderful news.
那绝对是个好消息。
Now, Olivia, let's move on to some practical tips for our daily lives. Yes.
现在，奥利维亚，让我们来看看日常生活中的一些实用建议。好的。
Many of us try to walk 10 ,000 steps a day.
我们许多人都试图每天走10000步。
But you mentioned this might be a myth? Yes.
但你提到这可能是一个误区？是的。
It turns out you might not need 10 ,000 steps to get major health benefits.
事实证明，你可能不需要走10000步就能获得显著的健康益处。
A massive new study has revealed that adding just an extra 1 ,000 steps to your daily routine can
一项新的大型研究揭示了，只要在日常作息中增加额外的1000步，就能
significantly reduce your risk of heart disease.
显著降低患心脏病的风险。
Furthermore, scientists found that how fast you walk might be even more important than how many
此外，科学家们发现，你走得有多快可能比你走多少
steps you take. Really?
走多少步更重要。真的吗？
So a brisk, fast walk is better than a slow, long stroll? Exactly.
所以轻快、快速地行走比缓慢、长距离地漫步更好？没错。
Walking at a faster pace challenges your cardiovascular system, making your heart and lungs stronger.
以更快的速度行走会挑战你的心血管系统，使你的心脏和肺部更加强壮。
The idea of 10 ,000 steps actually started as a marketing campaign for a pedometer in Japan back in
一万步的想法实际上起源于1965年日本一款计步器的营销推广活动，
1965, rather than being based on medical science.
而不是基于医学科学。
So don't stress if you can't reach 10 ,000 steps.
所以如果你达不到10000步，不要感到焦虑。
Focus on walking at a brisk pace and just doing a bit more than you did yesterday.
专注于快步走，比昨天多做一点点就好。
That is such a relief.
这太令人宽慰了。
I can stop obsessively checking my fitness tracker now.
我现在可以不用强迫性地频繁检查我的健身追踪器了。
And speaking of lungs and staying active, tell us about this laughter therapy study.
说到肺部和保持活力，给我们讲讲这个大笑疗法的研究吧。
This is a very heartwarming study published recently.
这是最近发表的一项非常暖心的研究。
Researchers found that deliberate laughter therapy is just as effective as standard breathing
研究人员发现，刻意的大笑疗法与标准的呼吸
exercises for people suffering from COPD, which stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
训练对于患有COPD（即慢性阻塞性肺疾病）的人同样有效。
COPD sounds like a very serious condition.
慢性阻塞性肺病听起来是一种非常严重的疾病。
Can you explain what it is and how laughter helps?
你能解释一下这是什么以及大笑是如何提供帮助的吗？
COPD is a chronic disease where the airways in the lungs become damaged and narrow, making it very
COPD是一种慢性疾病，肺部中的气道受损并变窄，使得
difficult to breathe.
非常难以呼吸。
Think of your lungs like a pair of balloons.
把你的肺想象成一对气球。
In a healthy person, the balloons are highly elastic, stretching and shrinking easily.
在健康人身上，气球具有高度的弹性，易于拉伸和收缩。
With COPD, the balloons become stiff and lose their stretch, trapping air inside.
患有慢阻肺时，这些气球会变得僵硬并失去弹性，从而将空气困在里面。
Laughter therapy involves deep, belly -shaking laughter, which acts as a natural workout for the
大笑疗法包含深层的、捧腹的大笑，这对
lungs, forcing old air out and helping new oxygen get in.
肺部来说就像是一次自然锻炼，迫使旧气体排出，帮助新鲜氧气进入。
That is amazing.
这太令人惊叹了。
So laughing literally stretches and exercises those stiff balloons.
所以大笑确实能拉伸并锻炼那些僵硬的气球。
It is incredible that something so simple and joyful can have the same physical benefits as a
一件如此简单而快乐的事情竟然能产生相同的身体益处，这真是难以置信，就像
medical breathing exercise.
医学呼吸训练一样。
It really is.
确实如此。
It shows how powerful the connection between our minds, emotions, and physical bodies truly is. Wow.
这展现出了我们的思想、情绪和身体之间的联系是多么强大。哇。
We have covered some absolutely fascinating science today, Olivia.
奥利维亚，我们今天探讨了一些绝对令人着迷的科学知识。
From pig kidneys to the power of a good laugh.
从猪肾脏到痛快大笑的力量。
We certainly have.
我们确实探讨了很多。
And now, listeners, it is time to put your memory to the test with our daily quick knowledge quiz.
现在，听众朋友们，是时候用我们每日的快速知识小测验来检验一下大家的记忆力了。
Caleb, are you ready to present the question?
卡勒布，你准备好提出问题了吗？
I am indeed.
我确实准备好了。
Here is today's question for our listeners.
这是今天给听众朋友们提出的问题。
What does the medical term xenotransplantation mean, and what was the simple car metaphor we used to
医学术语“异种移植”是什么意思？我们用来解释它的那个简单汽车比喻
explain it?
又是如何解释它的呢？
We will give everyone a few moments to think about it.
我们会给大家留出片刻时间思考一下。
Got your answer?
找到你的答案了吗？
The term xenotransplantation refers to transplanting organs or tissues from one species to another,
异种移植这个术语指的是将器官或组织从一个物种移植到另一个物种，
like from a pig to a human.
比如从猪移植到人类。
The metaphor we used was replacing a broken car part with a modified part from a completely
我们使用的比喻是用来自完全
different brand of vehicle, so the car's computer does not reject it.
不同品牌车辆的改装零部件替换损坏的零件，这样汽车电脑就不会排斥它。
Spot on, Olivia.
说得完全正确，奥利维亚。
You have a perfect memory.
你的记忆力太完美了。
And now for our open, thought -provoking question for the Talkcast community.
现在是给我们 Talkcast 社区提出的开放式且引发思考的问题。
Knowing that walking faster might be more beneficial than just reaching 10 ,000 slow steps, how will
了解到走得更快可能比仅仅慢走达到1万步更有益，这会如何
this change your daily routine?
改变你的每日例行习惯呢？
Do you prefer a quick, brisk walk, or do you enjoy a long, relaxing stroll?
你更喜欢快速、轻快地散步，还是喜欢漫长、放松地溜达？
This is a great topic to think about.
这是一个非常值得思考的话题。
Listeners, please write down your thoughts and answers in the comments section below, or check out
听众朋友们，请在下方的评论区写下你们的想法和答案，或者看看
what other listeners from around the world are saying.
来自世界各地的其他听众都在说些什么。
It is a fantastic opportunity to practice your English writing and shing your daily habits.
这是一个练习英语写作并分享日常习惯的绝佳机会。
It really is.
确实如此。
Also, a quick reminder for our dedicated learners, the full English transcript of today's podcast is
另外，快速提醒一下我们专注的学习者，今天播客的完整英文逐字稿已经
published on our official WeChat public account, Talkcast.
发布在我们的官方微信公众号 Talkcast 上。
Please head over there if you want to study the text, review the vocabulary, or check the grammar.
如果您想学习文本、复习词汇或检查语法，请前往那里。
Thank you all so much for your amazing feedback, your comments, and your continuous support.
非常感谢大家极好的反馈、评论以及持续的支持。
Please do not forget to subscribe to Talkcast and share this episode with anyone you know who is
请不要忘记订阅 Talkcast，并将本期节目分享给你认识的每一个正在
learning English.
学习英语的人。
Yes, thank you all.
好的，感谢大家。
Have a wonderfully healthy, joyful, and productive day ahead.
祝大家度过美好健康、充满乐趣和高效的一天。
We will see you tomorrow morning.
我们明天早晨见。
Goodbye, everyone.
大家再见。
Keep learning, stay healthy, and keep smiling.
坚持学习，保持健康，保持微笑。
